Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection caused by a poxvirus. It is characterized by small, firm, round, and usually painless bumps (papules or nodules) on the skin. While it can affect people of all ages, it is most prevalent in children, particularly those with atopic dermatitis (eczema) or weakened immune systems.

Characteristics:

• Appearance: Small, raised, flesh-colored, pink, or pearly white bumps.
• Shape: Round or dome-shaped.
• Size: Typically range from 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter (about the size of a pinhead to a pencil eraser).
• Central Dimple: Often have a characteristic central indentation or dimple.
• Location: Can appear anywhere on the body, but common areas include the face, neck, armpits, arms, hands, legs, and genital area (especially in adults through sexual contact).

Transmission:

• Direct skin-to-skin contact (including sexual contact in adults).
• Contact with contaminated objects (fomites) such as towels, clothing, or toys.
• Autoinoculation (spreading the virus to other parts of the body by scratching or touching the lesions).

Treatment Options:

• Cantharidin: A topical blistering agent applied by a healthcare professional. It causes a blister to form under the lesion, which then separates and falls off.
• Cryotherapy (Freezing): Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy the lesions.
• Curettage: A small instrument is used to scrape off the lesions.
• Laser Therapy: Certain lasers can be used to destroy the lesions.
• Topical Medications: Imiquimod (a cream that stimulates the immune system) or other topical medications may be used.
• Spontaneous Resolution: In many cases, especially in children with healthy immune systems, the lesions will resolve on their own within 6-12 months, but it can take longer.

Treatment with Cantharidin:

As mentioned, cantharidin is a common treatment option for molluscum contagiosum. It is applied in-office by a healthcare professional. The treatment is typically repeated monthly until the lesions resolve.

Important Considerations:

• Molluscum contagiosum is contagious until the lesions are completely gone.
• Avoid touching or scratching the lesions to prevent spreading the virus.
• Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding sharing towels and personal items, can help prevent transmission.
• While cantharidin is often painless upon application, blistering and some discomfort may occur afterward as part of the treatment process.
• A healthcare professional can determine the most suitable treatment option based on the patient's age, number of lesions, and other factors.