Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that causes redness and itching. It typically affects the inner elbows, behind the knees, and the face; however, it can appear anywhere on the body. This condition is most commonly seen in patients with sensitive skin, asthma, and/or nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis).

Symptoms:

• Redness
• Inflammation in affected areas
• Itching (pruritus)
• Burning sensation
• Scaling/dryness
• Small, fluid-filled blisters that may ooze and crust over (in severe cases)
• Thickened, leathery skin (lichenification) from chronic scratching

Causes/Triggers:

• Stress
• Irritating skin products/detergents
• Changes in weather/extreme temperatures
• Certain types of clothing fabrics (e.g., wool, synthetic fibers)
• Nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) and/or asthma
• Family history/genetics
• Dry skin
• Bacterial or viral infections
• Sweating

Treatment and Management:

• Moisturizers: Regular use of emollients to hydrate the skin is crucial.
• Topical Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and itching (use as directed by a doctor).
• Calcineurin Inhibitors (e.g., tacrolimus, pimecrolimus): Non-steroidal creams or ointments that can help control inflammation.
• Antihistamines: To relieve itching.
• Wet Wraps: For severe flare-ups, wet wraps can help hydrate and soothe the skin.
• Light Therapy (Phototherapy): Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can help reduce inflammation.
• Biologics (e.g., dupilumab): Injectable medications for severe cases that target specific parts of the immune system.
• Identifying and Avoiding Triggers: This is key to managing eczema long-term.

Important Considerations:

• Eczema is not contagious.
• It is important to see a doctor or dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment.
• Treatment plans are individualized based on the severity of the condition and the patient's age and medical history.